尌林建筑 | 宁波奉化栖霞坑发电站改造的溪边餐厅-设计风向

栖霞坑村位于奉化溪口镇，是栖霞坑古道的起始点。狭窄古道密林遮道，群山环抱，峡谷幽长，原称桃花坑，后改名为栖霞坑，一到秋天，满山的红枫秋叶。村子处于山坳之中，民居沿着溪流两侧分布，小桥流水、清泉溪流、古树古桥、炊烟袅袅，很有江南古村落的韵味。

Qixiakeng Village, located in Xikou Town, Fenghua, is the entrance to the ancient Qixiakeng Road. The narrow alley, covered in dense forests and surrounded by mountains and long canyons, was originally named Peach Blossom Pit. Its name later changed into Qixiakeng (Resting Pit for glowing coulds) as in autumn, the mountains are all covered with red maple leaves, as if cast by the rosy sunset. The village is located in the valley with residential buildings along both sides of the stream. The stream under tiny pons, clear springs in running brooks, ancient trees and the arising mist consist the charm of the ancient Jiangnan village.

∇ 俯瞰餐厅与村落的关系 Overlooking the restaurant and the village ©尌林建筑

自驾前往栖霞坑村，下高速之后途经一段山路，环绕水库十几分钟，沿途并无村庄。天气好的时候湖面波光粼粼，远山环抱，很是美好。

If you self-drive to Qixiakeng Village, you will get off the expressway, pass through mountain road, circle around the reservoir for ten minutes with no villages to be seen. If you are lucky, you will also enjoy the picturesque view of the sparkling lake and surrounding mountains in the distance.

∇ 透过桥洞看餐厅 Restaurant though the bridge ©吴昂

餐厅作为整村文旅民宿综合体配套公区的一部分，位于进村就能看到的溪边，由一个发电站改造加建而成。进村道路不宽，只有3米多，一侧是高起来的地形石坎，为保持街道的整体性，我们将建筑的外边界线控制在老建筑的边界内。餐厅的正立面朝向村道，建筑的一层用整体的大玻璃面向街道打开，沿用老房子的界面往里退让。大玻璃面让建筑的一层空间和街道之间发生更多紧密的关系，里外互动，空间渗透。同时过往的路人也能轻松的关注到餐厅水吧空间，很自然得被吸引进来。

As a part of the supporting public area of the hotel complex, the restaurant is located by the stream right at the entrance to the village. It was rebuilt and reformed from a power station. The road into the village is not wide with only 3 meters length and a high rocky ridge on the one side. To keep the consistency, we made sure the outer boundary line of the building is within that of the old building. The restaurant faces the village road in the front, and the first floor is opened to the street through a whole large glass door, which gives way to the front of the old residential buildings. The glass surface creates a closer relationship between the first-floor space and the street for interaction and penetration. Meanwhile, passers-by will easily notice the water bar in the restaurant and be attracted.

∇ 溪边的餐厅 Restaurant by the lake ©吴昂

生动Vividness

餐厅建在溪边一个梯形的地块上，由于使用面积紧张，我们选择把建筑的边界撑满了整个场地。因此建筑的形体也是一个不规则的梯形，平面上看只有一个角是直角。屋顶的屋脊与道路的边界平行，屋顶的檐口在一侧水平，另一侧则变成了“斜刘海”。这种屋顶形态在村里也随处可见，由于地形的关系许多老房子都采用这种斜的屋檐。不那么正的屋檐与溪流及周边的建筑形成了非常生动有趣的关系，使餐厅犹如长久生长于此。

The restaurant is built on a trapezoidal plot beside the stream. Since there are not much space, we used the boundary of the building to the full. As a result, the building is in an irregular trapezoid, and only one corner is a right angle when viewed from the plane. The roof ridge is parallel to the boundary of the road, with the cornice of the roof horizontal on the one side and the other becoming “oblique bangs”. This kind of roof form can also be seen everywhere in the village because of the terrain. The crooked eaves form a vivid and interesting relationship with the stream and the surrounding buildings so that it seems the restaurant has been here from the beginning.

∇ 现场原始地形关系 The original terrain on site ©尌林建筑

∇ 建筑与村子的关系照片 Building and the village ©尌林建筑

∇ 沿着溪边布置的餐厅和老房子 Restaurants and old houses arranged along the stream ©吴昂

原场地的发电站是一个两层的房子，体量关系敦实，与村落整体的氛围有很大差异。于是我们选择拆除发电站的上半部分，重新调整建筑的层高，降低一层的高度，做成下沉式空间。建筑顶部增加了一个半室外的空间，没有封闭的立面，同时在屋顶开了两个大尺度的天窗，让空间向自然敞开。同时也利用结构设计转换，让屋顶空间整体变轻。采用这种设计手法的缘由是遵循了村落环境所带来的最直观感受。

The original site of the power station is a two-story house with a solid volume relationship, which is quite different from the overall feature of the village. Therefore, we choose to demolish the upper part of the power station and changed the height by reducing the height of the first floor to make a sunken space. The half-open space on the rood made sure there is no close façade, while the two large-scale skylights are opened on the roof to make the space close to nature. Meanwhile, changes in structure is also used to make the roof lighter to follow the intuitive atmosphere brought by the village.

∇ 发电站原始样貌 Photo of the original power station ©尌林建筑

∇ 餐厅与旁边民居的关系 Restaurant and its relationship with the residents ©吴昂

∇ 建筑由重转轻的形式关系 Structural format from heavy to light ©吴昂

∇ 建筑立面细节关系 Details on the façade relationship ©吴昂

转换与连接Conversion and connection

记忆的嫁接Grafting of memory

发电站是村里具有时代意义的一个符号。如今发电站已弃用多年，失去了功能性的使用价值。而将其改造成一个小酒吧与餐厅串联起来，保留的发电机则作为一种凝结时间的象征。

The power station is a symbol of the time in the village. Nowadays, it has been abandoned for many years and lost its functional value. It is transformed into a small bar and connected with the restaurant, while the reserved generator is used as a symbol of condensed memory.

∇ 村里民居类型调研 Investigation on the types of village dwellings ©尌林建筑

记忆的留存是乡村永恒的话题，没有了记忆便没有了文化。我们经常讨论文化传承，修复传统建筑保留其外壳或许是保留了物质遗产，但生活的记忆应由更具象征性的方式传承。乡村未来或许会进入预制化建造、节能环保、社区集中规划等发展模式，但同质化、产品化是需要警惕的。因地制宜，制造差异化生活方式的场所，保持在地特征，是我们认为的更优的建设乡村、传承文化记忆的方式。

The retention of memory is an eternal topic for the countryside for without memory, there would be no culture. In terms of maintaining the cultural heritage, restoring traditional buildings and retaining their shells may suffice, but the memory of life should be passed on in a more symbolic way. In the future, the countryside may enter the development period of prefabricated construction, energy conservation and environmental protection, community centralized planning, etc., but homogenization and productization need to be vigilant. We think a better way to promote countryside development and inherit the cultural memory is to design architectures according to the local conditions and pass on memories with differentiated lifestyles and maintain local characteristics.

∇ 紧邻村道的餐厅酒吧，Bar restaurant by the street ©吴昂

∇ 架在溪流边的餐厅 Restaurant by the stream ©吴昂

∇ 改造后的发电站 Adapted power station ©吴昂

我们对村里的老房子做了统计分析研究，发现了一种共性：大部分的形态逻辑和材料关系都是类似的。一层正立面是木头的墙体和门窗，填充在木结构内，上下分层的结构，中间会有一层单坡屋顶批檐，一层界面内退，形成灰空间，二层平齐结构，但界面都在大的檐口里面，考虑到雨水对木头材料的损坏。在江浙一带，木头的部分多会在屋檐以内，避免被雨水直接淋到。

When researching on the old architectures in the village, we found them similar in the morphological logic and materials. The façade of the first floor, the wooden wall, doors and windows are filled in a wooden structure with upper and lower layers with a single-slope roof cornice in the middle. The first floor recedes to form a grey area. The second floor uses a flush structure, but the interface locates In the big cornice. Considering the damage of rain to wood materials. Most wooden structure in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces hide in the eaves to avoid being directly drenched by rain.

∇ 清晨的餐厅 Restaurant at dawn ©吴昂

结构的转换Changes in structure

我们希望餐厅的一层是一个无柱的大空间，为保证空间通透完整，结构上采用了结构柱错位的方式，保证有两个面是完整的。建筑二层的外立面是通透的木框玻璃界面，结构和立面体系分离，门架式的钢结构体系内退，落在一层的梁上。屋顶上钢木结构混合搭接，实现钢结构与木结构的融合与转换。

We hope that the first floor of our restaurant is a large space without columns. In order to ensure the transparency and integrity, the columns are staggers so the two facades are kept complete. On the second floor, transparent wooden frame glass interface is used, which is separated from the system. The portal steel structure retreats and falls on the beam of the first floor. On the roof, the steel-wood structure is mixed and lapped to realize the fusion and conversion of steel and wood structure.

∇ 餐厅二层与半室外露台相连 Second floor of the restaurant connected to the terrace ©吴昂

发电站酒吧的基座标高很低，进入即是一个下沉式的环绕发电机的空间。利用高差关系，酒吧顶层做了一个半室外的活动空间，与餐厅二层相连，可做为餐厅空间的延伸，进行复合使用。外挂楼梯将酒吧和餐厅串联起来，弱化了功能之间的边界，使两个空间既联动又独立，实现灵活使用，空间共享。

The power station bar has very low ground level with a sunken space around the generator. Based on the height difference, the top floor of the bar has a half-open activity space connected with the second floor and can be used as an extension of the space for comprehensive use. The external staircase connects the bar and restaurant, weakening the boundary between function areas, which makes sure the two spaces are both linked and independent for flexible use and sharing.

∇ 从溪流对岸看餐厅酒吧 View of the restaurant bar from the opposite bank of the stream ©吴昂

∇ 休闲酒吧外挂楼梯 Impending stairs out of the bar ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅临街立面 Street facade of restaurant ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅空间与村落互相渗透 The restaurant space permeates with the village ©吴昂

乡村的未来一定是越来越多元化差异化，更加注重体验。我们倾向于开放每个空间的使用功能的可能性，灵活多变或许能实现更高的利用率。从老房子到餐厅再到半室外露台空间，不同的空间状态应生出不断变化的身体体验：人的身体从被包裹的状态转变成释放的状态，同时也契合了不同空间的使用属性。建筑时常触发着不同的身心体验，空间所表达出来的状态不光是空间本身，也影响着人的感官体验和行为经验。

We believe that a future countryside is more diversified and differentiated with more attention to experience. Therefore, we want more possibility for functions of each space so that with such flexibility people use the space more often. From the old house to the dining room to the semi-outdoor terrace, different space should give birth to changing physical experiences: people’s bodies change from being wrapped to being released, which also fits in the different use of the space. Architecture often triggers various physical and mental experiences, and the space reveals not only itself, but also affects people’s sensory and behavioral experience.

∇ 连接餐厅二层的半室外空间 Half-open space on the second floor to connect the restaurant ©吴昂

∇ 开了大天窗的屋顶半室外空间 Half-open roof with large skylight open ©吴昂

∇ 开放的半室外露台空间 Terrace of the half-open space ©吴昂

∇ 半室外露台休闲座椅看山林 View of the mountain and forests from the half0open terrace ©吴昂

结构的转换 Changes in structure

∇ 一层水吧餐饮无柱大空间 The column-less space in the restaurant water bar on the first floor ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅一层水吧台 Water bar on the first floor of the restaurant ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅一层空间 Restaurant first-floor ©吴昂

∇ 阳光下的餐厅空间 restaurant in the sun ©吴昂

餐厅面积不大，结构形式和建造关系却相对复杂。酒吧空间保留了发电站厚实的混凝土基座，再用混凝土框架体系向上搭建。至屋顶层结构又转换成了纤细的钢构，立柱由一根大钢柱拆分成两根小的方钢柱，使结构消隐。混凝土结构到钢结构再到木结构，建筑实现了由重到轻的结构转化。乡村建造让我们更加大胆的去尝试各种可能性，也让建筑的建造活动变得更加接近真实，更加契合当下乡村的发展。

The restaurant features a small area but relatively complicated relationship between the structure and construction. The bar keeps the thick concrete base of the power station and is built up with a concrete frame system, which, as goes closer to the roof, changes into slender steel. A large steel column is split into two small square steel columns as support to conceal itself. From concrete to steel and then to wood structures, the building has realized the structural transformation from heavy to light. Rural construction makes us more daring to try various possibilities, and also makes the activities closer to reality, which is more in line with the current rural development.

∇ 二楼结构与立面分离的餐厅室内空间 Indoor restaurant with structure separated from the façade ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅二层立面开窗 Open windows on the second floor of the restaurant ©吴昂

∇ 餐厅局部 Details of restaurant first floor ©吴昂

∇ 轻巧的钢结构转换，与格栅形式语言一致 light conversion of the steel who speaks the same pattern language with the grille ©吴昂

看与被看Seeing and being seen

与既有的环境互动，在无论面积多小的建筑中都是极其重要的。环境自有气场，不同的周边环境造就了不同的建筑，忽视不同的场域所建造的建筑只能被称为满足使用需求的产品，而失去丰富多样的生动可能。在丰富的环境条件下做建筑是令人欣喜的，周边的道路、树木、溪流、古桥、老房子、竹林、山等，将周遭的这些要素都考虑到建筑的设计中来，从而打造出表情多样的充满活力的建筑。

However small the building is, it’s very important that it interacts with the surroundings. Surroundings create their own atmosphere for different buildings, while buildings that neglect the surroundings could only be called products to meet certain needs rather than vivid architectures. It’s enjoyable to make architectures in rich surroundings with roads, tree, streams, bridges, old houses, bamboo forests, mountains, etc., which are or considers into the designed to give life to the architecture.

“桥上的人在看风景，看风景的人在楼上看你”，事物之间相互依存、相互关联，才让生活充满诗意。在古桥上回看餐厅，餐厅是一道风景，同时在餐厅室内又能将老樟树和古桥溪流尽收眼底。人与人之间既有距离感，又通过看与被看连结，在空间的表达中加入此种暧昧的关系也是趣味所在。

“People on the bridge are watching the scenery, and people watching the scenery are watching you upstairs.” It is such interdependence and interrelationship that make life poetic. Looking back at the restaurant on the old bridge, the restaurant becomes the landscape. Meanwhile, you can have a panoramic view of the old camphor tree and the old bridge and stream inside the restaurant. There is a sense of distance between people, and it is also interesting to add this ambiguous relationship to the expression of space by seeing and being seen.

造房子Build the house

本项目的业主是福建人，身为福建人所天然拥有的对于生活情趣的向往，以及不急不慢、有条不紊的性格特质，使他们对吃的非常讲究，每餐都要煲汤，我们每次去到现场都能吃到业主研发的新菜。餐厅施工的工人也是从福建调过来的，包工头也是福建人，宁波厦门两遍跑。工人做事情比较细心，尤其是木作方面的经验丰富。建筑和室内的木作工程，木工都是在现场施工制作，施工精度跟在工厂做的差不多，最后完成的效果还是挺不错的，细节做的也很到位。油漆颜色做了很多样板，我们不希望颜色太浅太黄，又不能闷，所以是先做了一遍色之后，又盖了一遍，才达到了目前的颜色效果。最后呈现在空间里的的颜色和氛围还是比较舒服。

The owner of this project is a native of Fujian , As a Fujianese, he naturally yearns for the taste of life, as well as their unhurried and orderly habits, which make them pay great attention to food by having soup every meal. Every time we go to the scene, he serves with his new dishes. Workers are from Fujian too, whose leader is from the same province and travel between Xiamen and Ningbo. They are quite careful, especially, they are experienced in wood work. The carpentry works in the interior of the building are all made on site, but are almost as perfect as factory construction, with the final result and details all satisfying. They made many samples for the paint, for we didn’t want the color to be too light and yellow or too stuffy. After the first time painting, we covered with another layer to achieve the current effect. Finally, the color and atmosphere presented in the space are still relatively comfortable.

项目信息

项目名称：奉化栖霞坑发电站改造的溪边餐厅
Project Name: Riverside Restaurant adapted from the power station, Qixiakeng Village, Fenghua
项目地点：宁波奉化区栖霞坑村
Location: Qixiakeng Village, Fenghua District, Ningbo
项目业主：宁波栖沄旅游文化发展有限公司
Project Clients: Ningbo Qiyun Tourism Culture Development Co., Ltd.
设计顾问：厦门市天堂海岛文化旅游开发有限公司
Design Consultant: Xiamen Paradise Island Cultural Tourism Development Co., Ltd.
设计总负责：唐伯骏
Chief designer: TANG Bojun
设计单位：尌林建筑设计事务所
Designer: Shulin Architecture Firm
主持建筑师：陈林、刘东英
Lead Architect: CHEN Lin, LIU Dongying
室内建筑师：张爱云
Interior Architect: ZHANG Aiyun
结构设计：陈立文
Structural Design: Chen Liwen
结构形式：混凝土框架+钢结构+木结构
Structure: Concrete frame, steel, wood
设计范围：规划、建筑、室内、景观、一体化设计
Design Scope: Planning, Architecture, Interior, Landscape, Integration
建筑材料：樟子松、毛石墙、夯土抹面、微水泥、小青瓦、水磨石、水洗石
Materials: Pinus sylvestris, rubble wall, rammed earth surface, micro cement, small green tile, terrazzo, exposed aggregate concrete
施工单位：宁波佳华建筑装饰工程有限公司
Construction: Ningbo Jiahua Architecture Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd.
设计时间：2020.5-2020.8
Design period: May 2020 – August 2020
建造时间：2020.10-2021.12
Construction period: October 2020. – December 2021
建筑面积：423.7平米
Construction Area: 423.7 square meters
建筑摄影：吴昂
Photography: WU Ang